A shaded pole motor is a type of single-phase induction motor. It is commonly used in small appliances and low-power applications where simplicity and cost-effectiveness are important.
The distinguishing feature of a shaded pole motor is the presence of shading coils or "shading poles" on a portion of the motor's stator. These coils are made of a shorted turn of copper wire and are typically placed around a portion of the motor's pole pieces, adjacent to the main field winding.
When power is applied to a shaded pole motor, an alternating current (AC) flows through the main field winding, creating a rotating magnetic field. The shading coils, being shorted turns, create eddy currents that also generate magnetic fields that are slightly out of phase with the main field. This phase difference between the main field and the shaded field creates a rotating magnetic field that starts the motor in motion.
The rotation of the magnetic field induces currents in the rotor, which in turn creates torque, causing the motor to start and run. The shaded pole design provides the initial rotation needed for the motor to overcome inertia and start rotating.
Shaded pole motors are relatively simple and inexpensive, but they have certain limitations. They are generally less efficient compared to other types of motors, have relatively low starting torque, and are typically limited to low power applications. However, their simplicity, compact size, and low cost make them suitable for various small-scale applications such as fans, pumps, and household appliances.
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